Ptsd and Trauma Focused Cbt - 4144 Words

PTSD and Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Many children are exposed to traumatic events before they even become adults. All around the world they are exposed to child abuse, rape, natural disasters, terrorism, car accidents, and school violence among many others. Studies have shown that these traumatic events, if left untreated, can result in significant psychological problems, such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other anxiety disorders, depression, or a number of other behavioral difficulties (Cohen, Mannarino, Berliner Deblinger, 2000). These difficulties can become chronic and produce negative effects which could last into adulthood. It is therefore imperative that effective treatment strategies be†¦show more content†¦Along with TF-CBT, if trauma symptoms are primary, their other psychiatric problems will also need to be addressed (Cohen Mannarino, 2008). TF-CBT consists of both individual child and parent sessions and child-parent sessions. There are eight components to TF-CPT represented b y the acronym PRACTICE (Cohen, et al, 2008). One of the core principles of TF-CBT is that of â€Å"gradual exposure† in that each of the components involves a graded exposure to the traumatic experience. As the child and parent move through the hierarchy, the intensity of the exposure increases. The use of gradual exposure in decreasing PTSD symptoms is supported by research (Kendall, Chansky, Kane, Kim, Kortlander Ronan, 1992). This can be done in a number of ways, including the use of creative media in order to develop a trauma narrative and also to desensitize the child to trauma triggers within a safe therapeutic environment (Yule, Smith Perrin, 2005). In particular, sand play therapy has been shown to be clinically useful for children in processing abuse and violence (Grubbs, 1994; Parson, 1997). The therapist can help the child to learn that they can approach their fears without consequences, leading to a reduction in both anxiety and trauma symptoms in their everyday life. The first component in TF-CBT is psychoeducation and parenting skills. It isShow MoreRelatedThe Most Damaging Types Of Trauma1730 Words   |  7 PagesIn the immediate, as well as long-term aftermath of exposure to trauma, children are at risk of developing significant emotional and behavior difficulties (CWIG, 2012). The most damaging types of trauma include early physical and sexual abuse, neglect, emotional/psychological abuse, exposure to domestic violence and other forms of child maltreatment (Hoch, 2009). Research has shown that children that are exposed to these types of trauma will experience developmental delays including language and verbalRead MoreDifferent Methods Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy1474 Words   |  6 Pageswill provide the reader with different methods of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. CBT can be used for multiple populations and is known for changing the way one thinks. This summary will focus on the use of CBT with children who have experienced a trau matic event in their life, also known as post traumatic disorder (PTSD). The articles that have been reviewed provide different interventions for children who have experienced PTSD and determine how effective the methods were. According to (Cary McMillenRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1720 Words   |  7 Pagesfact be suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PSTD could develop after a traumatic incident which threatens one’s safety or makes one to feel helpless (Dalgleish, 2010). Coping with traumatic events could be very difficult, but confronting one’s feelings and seeking professional assistance is usually the only way to properly treat PSTD. Many kids and adolescents worldwide experience events that are traumatizing. 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The NCTSN defines trauma‑focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‑CBT) as an evidence‑based treatment approach that is shown to help children, adolescents, and their caregivers overcome trauma‑related difficulties. It is designed to reduce negative emotionalRead MoreTrauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Case Study700 Words   |  3 PagesMatt’s diagnosis of PTSD and depression symptoms, it was imperative to utilize an approach that if possible, could decrease all symptomology. Empirically, research shows that with the successful treatment of PTSD, comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety are also greatly reduced (Blachard et al., 2003; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK, 2005). Thus so it seemed utilizing an empirically supported treatment for PTSD will assist in decreasing Matt’s depression PTSD symptomatology. DueRead MoreEffectiveness Of Chosen Intervention For Children With Refugee And Asylee Youth1273 Words   |  6 Pageswith refugee and asylee youth. The pliability of CBT allows this intervention to mold to the unique needs of this population and serve the vast degree of trauma and mental health conditions this population is vulnerable to. CBT provides an opportunity to research a variety of symptoms related to the refugee experience, including PTSD and depression, to combat the vast amount of trauma this population often has experienced (Murray et. al., 2008). CBT is a malleable therapy that has been explored andRead MoreCbt And Narrative Therapy For My Client s Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Throughout the semester, we analyzed two very different treatment modalities of therapeutic interventions. These methods were Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Narrative Therapy. The framework and strategy behind each of these concepts could benefit a particular client depending on diagnosis and various other factors. Moreover, in some instances, a combination of both therapeutic interventions may be most constructive. In this paper, I will introduce my client and provide detailsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagespost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) is very prevalent. The rate of PTSD and SUD in adults receiving chemical dependency services ranges from 12% to 34% and the rates of trauma throughout the lifetime is even greater (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Huges, Nelson, 1995; Langeland Hartgers, 1998; Najavits, Weiss, Shaw, 1997; Stewart, 1996; Stewart, Conrod, Pihl, Dongier, 1999; Triffleman, 1998). Moreover, a dual-diagnosis of PTSD and SUD is two to three times moreRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Tf Cbt )882 Words   |  4 PagesInterventions (5) Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) will be used to meet the treatment goals for Neveah’s case. According to Child Welfare Information Gateway (2012), TF-CBT is an evidenced-based treatment approach for children and adolescents experiencing trauma-related mental and/or behavioral health difficulties. The treatment approach is applicable to a variety of clients as it is designed to be used with children ages three to eighteen (Lawson Quinn, 2013). TF-CBT utilizes individual

Roles and responsibilities of leaders Free Essays

Management and leadership go hand in hand for effective running of activities and processes within the organization. As brilliantly put by many authors, success can never be achieved in any organization without the engagement of a good leader who is able to restructure, solve problems and guide other employees within their organizations. Previous it has been strongly suggested that leadership and management approaches within an organization affect the way service provision is delivered and eventually the performance and success within the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles and responsibilities of leaders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Excellency in leadership always starts with the leader and the way he treats those under his management, communication is the most crucial and delegation of power to the rest of the members of the organization, responsibilities should be entrusted to the rest of the staff in the organization so that they can always be part of the solution to matters pertaining the organization. (Newstrom, 1997) The term leadership entails the motivation of people or a team in order to achieve certain organizational goals and objectives. One of the main roles for leaders is to influence the people they lead through incentives, promotions, discipline, dynamics and teamwork with the aim of attaining and maintaining a healthy organizational culture.   Leaders have the responsibility of being participative, supportive, directive and more importantly achievement adjusted with a view to defining certain tasks for their followers (Newstrom, 1997). Many organizations require that their leaders design work agenda for their followers and get concerned with their aspirations, feelings, achievements, problems and outside environment in order to centre all interests to the organization. For a perfectly healthy organization, the leader has to be the servant of the workers in the sense that, he always listens to the workers and do as they want the work done because usually they are the people who are at the ground and they tend to understand the organization better than the leader, so its up to the leader to see that he communicates perfectly with his staff in matters pertaining enhancement of the organization.  Ã‚   (Conger and Pearce, 2003) In every organization, leadership is crucial for maintaining a healthy organizational culture within itself. The main role that a leader is entitled to undertake is to plan, control and direct other individuals to perform specific tasks within the organization. Organizational culture usually entail the –lets work together- spirit whereby the organization behaves like a ‘society’ where there   are values, norms and rules which   all individuals adhere to. Since these are people who work together under the guidance of their leaders, certain beliefs are entrenched in their lives which give birth to encouragement and enthusiasm thus a healthy organizational culture. Leaders therefore utilize a healthy organizational culture to balance work life chores in order to achieve the best form the employees. (Conger and Pearce, 2003) The most important and powerful resources within any organization are the leaders. These are the people who are responsible for influencing the way the organizational culture and climate is modeled. They either create good or bad working environments and thus they are able to determine the development agenda for the organization (Newstrom, 1997). Good management culture starts with a good understanding of effective communication i.e. politeness and patience; Previous research has indicated that employees tend to work better when cherished up by leaders who are up to the task. However, due to diversity, lack of training, lack of motivation, diversification among today’s leaders and lack of definite systems to govern leadership today, there has been slow improvement and many organizations have been failed by their leaders. Reference Conger, J.A., and Pearce, C.L. (2003): Shared Leadership: Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Newstrom, W. (1997): Organizational Behavior; Human Behavior at Work; New York: McGraw-Hill How to cite Roles and responsibilities of leaders, Essay examples

Current Health Care System in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Hierarchy and power are intrinsic to the current health care system in Australia. Answer: Introduction In the 20th century, a term called medical dominance introduced prior to which most of the population use to take consultations from midwives, chemists or herbalists. Along with the term, medical dominance Peter Chamerlen introduced obstetrical forceps which helps the user to deliver a child without any complications. This concept enabled male doctors to be present during surgeries as they had the exclusive rights on these forceps (Lockwood, Friedman Christian, 2015). Doctors also introduced various professional strategies which gave a boost to their practice and undermine the practice of midwives. Gradually doctors started charging high fees from women by convincing them of the danger in childbirth and incapability of midwives. It became a habit, doctors deliberately starting making every pregnancy a risky one, moreover the childrens bureau conducted a campaign wherein people were educated about the biomedical model of pregnancy and childbirth, and it was a deliberate effort to dem oralize the role of midwives among people permanently (Lockwood, Friedman Christian, 2015). Obstetrics was a newly introduced concept in the year 1920s and in order to justify the high cost and regular customer base doctors needed regular teachings and medical sessions, despite all these loop holes doctors were still getting a license for this profession by using their medical association powers and gradually were imposing legal sanctions against midwives. In Australia, doctors were gaining power by adopting two political strategies one is they formed a medical association which was unifying them against other professions and secondly they forced governments to ban other practitioners from practicing (Lockwood, Friedman Christian, 2015). For instance, in 1862, the Victorian government gave powers to doctors to sue people for non-payment, sign death certificates and right to use medical titles. All these powers ultimately declared doctors as experts. Now if we talk about hierarchy, in Australian health care system it is characterized by occupational hierarchy, where doctors are supreme power. This means that they are not under the direct control of any other occupation; moreover, they have the authority to control other health workers (Turan Turan, 2016). Historically, it has been observed that more of the doctors are male and more of the nurses are females, with this division of labour in the health care system it is the nurse who comes to doctor always. But later in the 1970s, there was a boom in the entry of men into the nurse profession and some commentators started seeing it as a shift in the ideology of nursing as a feminine profile. Some studies also show that male nurses are most likely preferable in the positions which demand advancement into specialized areas of nursing and nursing education (Turan Turan, 2016). Discussion The healthcare industry is among one of the huge social institutions which people use throughout their lives, every group and culture has different viewpoints of seeing the industry. Specially, it viewed differently by three sociological theories the interactions, functionalist, and conflict. All of the three perspectives can be easily applied to the industry and it focuses on social relation building which influences peoples behaviour, human groups, and societies. Initially, we will discuss the events which lead to the current health care system (Elshaug, Hiller, Tunis Moss, 2007). In the early 1920s, in Australia, there were three issues which were classified as overuse, underuse, and misuse. Overuse referred to as the provisions of service with the harm of exceeding potential benefits. Underuse means that when we could have provided better outcomes but was not able to do so and misuse means intentionally created complications which could be avoided. But in the year 1970, the Aust ralian healthcare industry started focusing on quality assurance by extending hospitals to include aged care facilities, focusing on evidence based medicines and health outcomes (Reading, 2007). Natural human phenomena like death, birth, and pain are no more realm of normalcy and have been incorporated into the medical discourse. Being overweight, underweight, ageing, or adolescence everything now comes under the medical microscope (Volchok, 2005). Health professionals were now answerable for quality measurements, nursing quality measures were introduced on a large scale along with the quality managers which were placed in hospitals and other health agencies. Many Australian states and territories introduced patient complaint commission. Many public hospital budgets were cut and new process CASEMIX introduced as incentive where treatment cost should not be exceeded (Volchok, 2005). But the principle of CASEMIX remains in controversies as in order to cut the cost, it may override the principle of best practice. Other factors which affected the cost were consumer demand, increase in wages and salaries, over servicing and medical fraud and use of high technology. Various approaches to cut the cost were implemented in Australia which included limiting the number of subsidies under PBS and MBS resulting in the best of practice behavior. An allied health professional, according to their association the AHPA, involves professionals who; have client contact, a professional association, a university course and standards and assessment procedures (Volchok, 2005). They have a code of ethics and a defined scope of practice. Like the work of nurses, allied health professionals are also dominated and supervised by the medical profession. Like medicine, each discipline tries to align itself with science in order to gain legitimacy and claims a form of truth tested in research. By becoming legitimate the discipline can gain access to recourses like government funded consultat ions, the university system and a greater charge of the health market (Volchok, 2005). Now if we correlate the conflict theory with Australian health care system then we can say that conflict theory has contributed to our understanding of system but has many drawbacks related to inequalities among healthcare system like age, gender. There are various organizations who are now working with both men and women. Some other conflict theorists also discussed that there is a relationship between premature death and poverty (Duncan, 2010). If we correlate this with private hospitals it has been observed that many medical types of the council are not giving any type of free services to people who are below poverty lines. This is the same with public hospitals; they are misusing their powers under the influence of many political references. Today the unstoppable use of dangerous chemicals in the production of medicines is probably an area of concern and it is affecting badly the health of workers (Duncan, 2010). The Australian government provides a universal taxpayer funded syst em across all hospitals and medical treatments known as Medicare, they also get pharmaceutical benefits under pharmacy act. As per researchers, it has been observed that poor use hospitals more often than rich people but they do not get any benefit neither they are covered under any scheme (Duncan, 2010). There is another perspective called functionalist perspective under which it emphasizes the way in which part of society is structured to maintain its stability. This means that one should avoid being sick so that not too many are released from their societal responsibilities and if this happens than it will prevent our society from being stable and functional (Ameri, 2015). There is also a role called sick role where in whenever anyone gets sick then they take off from social responsibilities by either staying at home or seeking medical help. Now here comes the role of doctor, it is his prime responsibility to check whether a person is genuinely sick or not if he is then providing him with the medical help. But here also doctors have made it a profession, not to give genuine advice to patients and charge maximum money from them (Ameri, 2015). As per the current Australian Bureau of Statistics survey, national health survey and a national survey of wellbeing it has been observed that 45% of an individuals age between 17-82 are being mistreated by doctors. There is a controversy in Australia that medical care is it right or a commodity which says that if medical care provided in Australian health care system is right then it should provide access to all citizens and if it is a commodity then doctors will keep on misleading patients and charging irrelevant amount from them (Ameri, 2015). In 2005-06 spent 43% more on healthcare services the reason for this hike was growing number of elder people, the introduction of new technologies and more expensive malpractice by doctors. Australia GDP has a lesser share of the amount spent on the healthcare industry (Rosati, 2006). As per World Health Report, it has been evidenced that per capita spending on health is strongly measured by some health indicators and other factors like female/maternal education, income inequality and cultural characteristics which are directly correlated. In Australia, there is a concept of aboriginal health workers (Rosati, 2006). These workers work under the authority of a white professionals ad from a critical perspective it can be said that aboriginal/non-aboriginal health workers relationship is colored by colonial beliefs. In 1997 there were approximately 13000 aboriginal workers employed in various hospitals and health care centers in Australia and according to National Health and Medical Research Council, the lack of recognition of aboriginal health workers resulted in difficulties in accessing secure and ongoing funding for training. The Australian Nursing federation has addressed these low numbers of participation of aboriginal health workers in various health programs. Another aspect of culturist is non-English speaking Australians who are working in various health care centers that are represented in lower socio economic group; therefore a relation between poverty and social disadvantage and health is again highlighted. This is a clear example of cultural proximity. Cultural definitions of femininity and masculinity and the prescribed roles for males and females may affect illness experiences, health behaviors and treatment modality choices. In some cultures, for example, females are healed (or assisted in the case of childbirth) by females. Confrontation with a male doctor may upset and even offend some women. Conclusion On the basis of above discussion, it has been observed that there are many loop holes in the Australian healthcare systems. Initially, midwives were removed from the system in order to promote doctors by way of creating fear in the mind of patients that their pregnancy is risky, gradually doctors started charging high fees from women by convincing them of the danger in childbirth and incapability of midwives. It became a habit, doctors deliberately starting making every pregnancy a risky one, moreover the childrens bureau conducted a campaign wherein people were educated about the biomedical model of pregnancy and childbirth, and it was a deliberate effort to demoralize the role of midwives among people permanently (Stanley, 2014). secondly, there are various malpractices adopted by doctors and as per researches it has been seen that it is most common in hospitals, increased the frequency of avoidable surgeries nationwide, few injured patients were sued these findings were noted any Australian Professional Indemnity Reviews final report. Influence of medical knowledge is not restricted to the interpretation of medical illness; it is the process where the increasing aspect of life is defined as a medical problem (Stanley, 2014). Natural human phenomena like death, birth, and pain are no more realm of normalcy and have been incorporated into the medical discourse. Being overweight, underweight, ageing, or adolescence everything now comes under the medical microscope (Stanley, 2014). The pathway to beauty is through medical interventions. A doctor patient relation is described by the patients expectations that the doctor will listen to all his problems and provide him the best of solutions; he relies on the expert knowledge of the doctor (D, 2016). The power of this profession is legally prescribed and doctors are being expertise by taking numerous training and education. Despite all the role of doctor remains within the limit of relationships of authority and sub servience and patients remain dependent on medical professions. Exclusionary practices of the past, although challenged over time, are deeply embedded in contemporary practices. They continue to reflect the values and beliefs of the dominant culture. As a health practitioner, you need to be aware of your own specificity, how this affects your world view and how this might impact on your practice. Reflective practice is intrinsic to ensuring inclusion. Language and your use of language when working cross culturally is also important, an example of this is the abbreviation ATSI which stands for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander which can be viewed as disrespectful Most importantly your commitment to knowing who the person is within their cultural context and how they identify themselves is vital. Here comes the role of the functionalist theory of sociology which says that this approach adopts a perspective towards a society which is somewhat similar to biologists who adopts human body. In order to understand any part of the society such as family, government or religion it is mandatory to understand the functions of those social parts or structures. Whereas the interactions perspective generalizes about daily forms of social interactions in order to explain society as a whole. From an interactions point of view, the Australians are generally not passive, they are more open to the doctors to discuss their problems with health care practioners, in fact, they are also interested in knowing how the doctors have come into this profession, how they have achieved this position, how they have done their studies. This allows them to earn lot more respe ct from their patients and coworkers because doctors have the authority and patients follow their instructions rigorously but some patients fail to do so. For example, some patients dont follow doctors instructions and stop medications much before time. All the three sociological theories have different perspectives on the healthcare industry. The functionalist theory focuses on functions and stability of the society, conflict theory concentrates on the conflicts between the people in the society and lastly interactions theory focuses on the interaction between people in society including doctor-patient relationship. These theories not only elaborate the views of healthcare social institutions but also understand the outlook of other issues related to societies References Ameri, R. (2015). Improve your culture, improving your healthcare system.Health Care : Current Reviews,02(05). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4273.c1.014 D, R. (2016). The Future Evolution of the U.S. Health Care Entitlement System.Health Care : Current Reviews,04(04). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4273.1000e104 Duncan, P. (2010). Health, health care and the problem of intrinsic value.Journal Of Evaluation In Clinical Practice,16(2), 318-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01392.x Elshaug, A., Hiller, J., Tunis, S., Moss, J. (2007). Challenges in Australian policy processes for disinvestment from existing, ineffective health care practices.Australia And New Zealand Health Policy,4(1), 23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-8462-4-23 Lockwood, K., Friedman, S., Christian, C. (2015). Permanency and the Foster Care System.Current Problems In Pediatric And Adolescent Health Care,45(10), 306-315. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2015.08.005 Reading, R. (2007). Area socioeconomic status and childhood injury morbidity in New South Wales, Australia.Child: Care, Health And Development,34(1), 136-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00818_5.x Rosati, R. (2006). Focusing on Home Healthcare Quality.Journal For Healthcare Quality,28(1), 2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-1474.2006.tb00588.x Stanley, D. (2014). Perceptions Of Clinical Leadership In An Aged Care Residential Facility In Perth, Western Australia.Health Care : Current Reviews,02(02). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4273.1000122 Turan, H., Turan, G. (2016). Implementing Analytical Hierarchy Proses In The Nurse Selection.Health Care Academician Journal,3(1), 26. https://dx.doi.org/10.5455/sad.13-1458379774 Volchok, J. (2005). Healing Our Health Care System: A Plan to Provide Service and Quality Care.Current Surgery,62(4), 448-449. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cursur.2004.12.00